Category: Diuretics

Diuretics, also known as water pills, are medications commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, kidney problems, and edema (fluid retention). They work by increasing urine production, thereby helping the body eliminate excess salt and water, which can reduce swelling and lower blood pressure.

There are several types of diuretics, including thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone, are often used as first-line treatment for hypertension and work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Loop diuretics, like furosemide and bumetanide, are more potent and are commonly used to treat heart failure and kidney disorders. Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone and amiloride, help the body retain potassium while eliminating sodium and water. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like acetazolamide, are less commonly used and work by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, reducing bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys.